At its core, an industrial water softener operates on a simple but brilliant principle called ion exchange.
Here's the step-by-step process:
The Hard Water Enters: Hard water, rich in calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions, flows into a large tank filled with a special resin bed. These resin beads are coated with sodium (Na⁺) ions.
The Swap Happens: As the hard water passes over the resin beads, the calcium and magnesium ions, which have a stronger charge, latch onto the beads. In exchange, the resin beads release their sodium ions into the water.
You Get Soft Water: The water leaving the tank is now "soft," containing harmless sodium ions instead of scale-forming calcium and magnesium.
The Regeneration Cycle: Eventually, the resin beads become saturated with hardness ions and need to be cleaned or "regenerated." The system automatically flushes a strong brine (saltwater) solution through the resin. The high concentration of sodium in the brine reverses the exchange, kicking the calcium and magnesium off the beads and flushing them down the drain, readying the system for another cycle.
www.molewater.com/water-so
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